Analysis on the Reform of Ecological Civilization System under the Scenery of Chinese-style Modernization

From the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (November 2023) to the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (July 2024), with the further deepening of comprehensive deepening reforms,"lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" The important thoughts of the two mountains were written into the Party Constitution. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China once again proposed that "Chinese-style modernization is a modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously." Over the past ten years, my country's major measures for ecological and environmental protection have undergone historic, turning and overall changes. Among them, the ecological compensation reform of the entire basin is particularly obvious. The country's first Xin 'an River Basin ecological compensation mechanism pilot and the upgraded Xin' an River-Qiandao Lake Ecological Environment Joint Protection Cooperation Zone is to study specific examples and is expected to provide experience and inspiration for the upstream and downstream ecological protection compensation reform in cross-provincial river basins.

Improve the basic system of ecological civilization and establish a compensation mechanism that organically combines incentives and constraints

The biggest challenge facing ecological protection compensation in cross-provincial river basins is that river basins span multiple administrative regions, making administrative management difficult. Therefore, it is important to establish a clear mechanism for rights and responsibilities, and the simpler the assessment at the start-up stage, the more efficient it will be. Experience: In the previous stage of reform of ecological protection compensation for Xin 'an River, the central government guided and supported Anhui and Zhejiang provinces to establish four pollutant indicators of permanganate, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, as well as water quality stability coefficients and indicator weight coefficients. The main content is a P-value compensation standard system oriented to highlighting the results of water quality improvement in Xin' an River.

In the first round of pilot projects (2012-2014), the central government allocated 300 million yuan to Anhui Province every year, and Anhui and Zhejiang provinces each invested 100 million yuan each year for the management and restoration of the Xin 'an River ecological protection system. In the second round of pilot projects (2015-2017), Anhui and Zhejiang provinces increased the funding subsidy standard from 100 million yuan to 200 million yuan, and increased the water quality stability coefficient from 0.85 to 0.89 on the basis of the early stage. The central government will provide subsidies to Anhui Province in three years. Yuan, 300 million yuan, and 200 million yuan.If the water quality coefficient of the cross-provincial boundary section of the Xin 'an River P≤0.95, Zhejiang Province will compensate Anhui Province 200 million yuan; if P≤1, Zhejiang Province will compensate Anhui Province 100 million yuan; if P 1, Anhui Province will compensate Zhejiang Province 100 million yuan. In the third round of pilot projects (2018-2020), Anhui and Zhejiang provinces continued to invest 200 million yuan each year, and increased the weights of total phosphorus and total nitrogen from 0.25 to 0.28 in water quality assessment, and the water quality stability coefficient from 0.89 to 0.90 again, laying a solid foundation for ecological protection compensation in the Xin 'an River Basin.

In the later stage of reform to upgrade and build the Xin 'anjiang-Qiandao Lake Ecological Environment Joint Protection Cooperation Zone, the first is the M value of the compensation index for new industries and talents. According to the industry and talent compensation development index M1. M2 weighted calculation of the industry and talent compensation cooperation index. Among them, M1 is calculated by the industry and talent compensation index, which is calculated based on four assessment indicators: GDP energy consumption per unit of society, number of high-tech enterprises, total R & D personnel, and labor productivity;M2 is the industry and talent compensation cooperation index, which is adopted every year through "Zhejiang and Anhui Cooperation Ten Things" to evaluate the actual work and measures carried out by Zhejiang Province in terms of talent and industry compensation, helping Anhui improve the ecological protection capabilities of Xin 'an River and enhance the "blood-making" function, and dynamically adjust according to the implementation situation. The second is to innovate the allocation method of compensation funds and rationally allocate compensation funds mainly based on the M value of the industry and talent compensation index. If M is 1.25, 75% will be compensated to Anhui and 25% will be compensated to Zhejiang; if 1M is ≤1.25, 80% will be compensated to Anhui and 20% will be compensated to Zhejiang; if M is ≤1, 85% will be compensated to Anhui and 15% will be compensated to Zhejiang. %, take the road of promoting comprehensive ecological compensation and improving the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism.

Improve the ecological civilization governance system and establish ecological co-governance upstream and downstream river basins

The starting point for ecological and environmental protection in cross-provincial river basins should be the joint protection of the upstream and downstream of the entire river basin, rather than separate regional management. Experience: In order to ensure the long-term and scientific nature of water quality monitoring at the junction of Anhui and Zhejiang provinces, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces and relevant cities and counties have jointly agreed to take the Huangshan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center and Hangzhou City Chun'an Ecological Environment Monitoring Station as the main bodies. Nine environmental monitoring points have been jointly laid out at the junction of Anhui and Zhejiang. Adopt unified monitoring methods, unified monitoring standards, and unified quality control requirements, and conduct regular monthly joint monitoring to obtain water quality monitoring data of cross-border sections recognized by both upstream and downstream parties, so as to truly achieve mutual benefit sharing of monitoring data.

In 2013, in order to further strengthen the guidance on ecological protection compensation work in the Xin 'an River Basin, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces jointly compiled the "Water Resources and Ecology of Qiandao Lake and the Upper Xin' an River Basin in accordance with the principles of" priority of protection, coordination of rivers and lakes, and mutual benefit and win-win results."Comprehensive Environmental Protection Plan. As the main body responsible for the implementation of the plan, the governments of Anhui and Zhejiang provinces have formulated and implemented river basin water resources and ecological environment protection plans respectively, and jointly undertake the implementation of the planning goals and key tasks.

In 2021, the "Xin 'an River Basin Water Ecological Environment Joint Protection Plan" jointly compiled by the two cities of Hangzhou and Yellow River clarified the planning goals of building "Beautiful Xin' an River, Harmonious Xin 'an River, and Rich Xin' an River" and strengthened the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in the basin. Innovative, leading and synergistic requirements have been put forward in terms of protection and restoration of water ecology, establishment and improvement of joint prevention and control cooperation mechanisms, and promotion of high-level protection and high-quality development of the river basin.

In 2023, the ecological protection compensation agreement signed by Anhui and Zhejiang provinces for the joint construction of Xin 'an River and Qiandao Lake will further clarify the work goals and important tasks of ecological protection compensation in the coming period, and jointly build Xin' an River for Anhui and Zhejiang provinces and Hangzhou and Yellow Cities. -Qiandao Lake Ecological Environment Joint Protection Cooperation Zone points out the direction and path.

Improve green and low-carbon development mechanisms and accelerate the realization of the value of ecological products

The foothold of ecological and environmental protection in cross-provincial river basins should be green development that is mutually beneficial and win-win between regions. In fact, from the perspective of economic laws, the construction of ecological civilization is the market entity for ecological products, the commodity is the ecological product trading market, and the value is scientific. Calculate ecological value. In the final analysis, the constituent elements of ecological products and the materialization of ecological values will realize the value of ecological products in the ecological product trading market. This is the framework for realizing the value of ecological products. However, ecological products are not commodities in the traditional sense, but Material product supply, ecological regulation services, and ecological cultural services.For example, on January 22 this year, the National Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading Market (mainly an institutional innovation that mobilizes the entire society to participate in greenhouse gas emission reduction actions, which is conducive to promoting the formation of complementary connection and interconnection between the mandatory carbon market and the voluntary carbon market. The national carbon market system) was officially launched to help achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.Enlightenment: The upper reaches of the Xin 'an River explore pilot trading of carbon sink rights and interests, strive for the Jiangnan Forest Exchange to build a regional green ecological product trading center in the Yangtze River Delta, and improve the carbon emissions trading mechanism.

Cultivate ecological products and create regional public brands.In 2023, the comprehensive output value of Hui tea, traditional Chinese medicine, and breeding in Huangshan City will exceed 96 billion yuan. Give full play to the government's guiding role, actively create regional public brands for ecological products, incorporate the entire region, entire industry, and all categories of ecological products into the scope of public brands, strengthen brand cultivation and protection, and increase the premium of ecological products. Highlight diversified financing, guide social capital to increase ecological investment, build a socialized, diversified and long-term environmental protection development model, replicate and promote the eco-environment-oriented EOD development model across the region, plan and implement the "Village Huizhou" project, and establish A specific regional unit ecological product value (VEP) green financial system has achieved the inclusion of 2 EOD projects in the national library and 5 EOD projects in the provincial library, and the country's first VEP green credit pilot project has been implemented. The above is mainly at the enlightenment level. There are still many carbon areas that have not been solved. It is necessary to speed up the planning and construction of a new energy system, build a carbon emission statistical accounting system, a product carbon labeling and certification system, and a product carbon footprint management system, so as to better promote green development. Low carbon cycle development, achieve high-quality economic and ecological development, and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.