Experts set the key points. What should we pay attention to when implementing the EOD project in the Yellow River Basin?
The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and an important economic zone in my country. When General Secretary Xi Jinping recently chaired a symposium on comprehensively promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, he emphasized the implementation of fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, price policies and standard systems that support green and low-carbon development. It is necessary to improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products.
Ecological and environment-oriented development (EOD) projects are an effective path to actively and steadily promote the management and development of ecological products and promote the effective realization of the value of ecological products.
In recent years, with the fact that the Yellow River Basin has a major national strategy for ecological protection and high-quality development, the EOD model has become an effective means for provinces along the Yellow River to further promote the major national strategies of the Yellow River and promote the modernization of ecological and environmental governance systems and governance capabilities. So, what is the implementation status of the EOD project in the Yellow River Basin? What are the characteristics compared with other regions? Our reporter conducted an interview on how to identify ecological and environmental issues and related industries in project design.
Progress: 76 EOD projects were put into storage and pushed to financial institutions
"Promoting high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is the key to achieving sustained and healthy development of my country's economy. Faced with the current challenges of insufficient investment in ecological and environmental protection and lack of major projects in the Yellow River Basin, it is urgent to innovate ecological and environmental governance models, especially through the establishment of market-oriented mechanisms, to build channels for financial funds, social capital and other investment in the field of ecological and environmental protection." Lu Jing, deputy director of the EOD Innovation Center of the Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, told reporters that the EOD model is not only an effective supplement to the traditional investment model, but also an important way to promote green and sustainable development in the Yellow River Basin.
Zhao Yunhao, director of the EOD Innovation Center of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, told reporters,"As of now, a total of 76 EOD projects in 9 provinces in the Yellow River Basin have been put into storage and pushed to financial institutions, with a total investment of 324.23 billion yuan. Among them, 22 projects have received support from financial institutions, with a total credit amount of 28.45 billion yuan and a loan amount of 17.31 billion yuan."
Zhao Yunhao said that judging from the financial support situation of the entire EOD project, 36.2% of the projects received support. She emphasized that when carrying out investment estimation and financing of EOD projects, the total investment of the project includes construction investment, financing fees during the construction period and working capital. When preparing the plan, the basis for preparing the investment estimate shall be explained. Clarify matters such as annual investment plans, updates and renovation, and additional investment plans during the construction period.
Features: Integrate the dual goals of regional pollution reduction and carbon reduction with economic growth
The Yellow River Basin spans four geomorphological units: the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Loess Plateau and the Huanghuaihai Plain, and flows through nine provinces. Compared with other regions, the implementation of the EOD project in the Yellow River Basin is more unique, complex and challenging. Significantly.
Lu Jing introduced that the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin is diverse, from alpine snow to vast grasslands, from fertile wetlands to winding rivers, to vast lakes and vast deserts. The high degree of ecological heterogeneity requires EOD projects to be planned and implemented. In-depth research and research must be carried out, regional natural characteristics should be respected, and precise and differentiated ecological protection and restoration strategies should be implemented.
In addition, the resource endowments of the Yellow River Basin coexist in diversity. It is recommended that regional advantageous and characteristic industries can be developed based on the industrial foundation of different regions, such as the transformation and upgrading of resource-based regions such as Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, and the creation of specialty agricultural products in major agricultural producing areas such as Fenwei Plain and Hetao Irrigation District. Brand creation; For the excavation and integration of unique regional cultural resources such as Hehuang, Guanzhong, Heluo, and Qilu, differentiated industrial development strategies should be formulated to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structures, and achieve a win-win situation between economic and ecological benefits.
At the same time, the Yellow River Basin EOD project also places high requirements on market entities. "Compared with other regions, EOD projects in the Yellow River Basin put forward higher requirements for the selection of market entities and usually require strong resource integration capabilities. Market entities are required to have rich professional knowledge and technical strength to solve regional ecological and environmental governance problems. At the same time, they can deeply explore the resource endowments and industrial advantages of the project location and promote the development of related industries." Lu Jing explained that in addition, market entities are required to have strong financial strength and strong financing capabilities.
In addition to the above characteristics, Zhao Yunhao emphasized that the design of major EOD projects in the Yellow River Basin also requires carbon emission characteristics analysis. Against the macro background of the country's continuous promotion of pollution reduction and carbon reduction and green development, the design of major EOD projects in the Yellow River Basin needs to deeply integrate the dual goals of regional pollution reduction and carbon reduction and economic growth.
Specifically, it is to identify carbon emission inventories and estimate carbon emission intensity at all key aspects of the entire process of project implementation, and establish a full-process performance supervision system, thereby promoting the optimization of the preliminary design of projects in different regions, improving ecological service functions, and contributing to regional carbon emission reduction in aspects such as industry introduction, resource recycling, and intensive land use.
Design: Adhere to local conditions and classified policies
In the specific design of the EOD project in the Yellow River Basin, identifying prominent ecological and environmental problems, and carrying out traceability analysis is the basis for identifying and solving ecological and environmental problems. How to identify different ecological and environmental problems in the EOD project in the Yellow River Basin?
"Due to the combined effect of objective factors such as precipitation, evaporation, topography and topography, and man-made economic activities, the ecological and environmental problems faced by various regions of the Yellow River are quite different. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and implementing classified policies to carry out project design." Lu Jing said.
Lu Jing also gave suggestions for different areas in the Yellow River Basin. The natural ecological environment in the upper reaches is relatively fragile, and problems such as desertification and wetland degradation may become more prominent. The project design can be mostly for the restoration and improvement of some natural ecosystems and biodiversity protection projects., protection and utilization of water resources, etc., to further enhance the region's water conservation functions and biodiversity functions.
For the middle and lower reaches, problems such as soil erosion, industrial, urban and rural pollution emissions, and Kuangqu pollution are more prominent. The project design may pay more attention to the ecological protection and restoration of key areas, rivers and lakes, comprehensive urban and rural management, and agricultural non-point source control issues and pollution control of tailings ponds.
"In the project content, the specific content of ecological and environmental governance needs to be explained, mainly including the location and scope, main construction content and scale, technical route, main outputs, etc." When talking about the ecological and environmental governance content of the project, Zhao Yunhao said that the main line should be clear, focusing on 1-2 types of ecological and environmental factors, and the scale should be moderate. Ecological and environmental management technologies should be mature, reliable and economically feasible. At the same time, when determining the content and scope of ecological and environmental governance, priority should be given to its relevance to the industry and the balance of project funds, followed by the systematicness and integrity of the content of ecological and environmental governance.
In terms of the connection between related industries, Zhao Yunhao also gave a matching "formula" based on different regions.
In Loess Plateau and energy bases such as Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Henan, project designs for mine ecological restoration + new energy can be carried out.
In key desertification prevention and control areas such as Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia, project design for desertification control + Chinese herbal medicine planting can be carried out.
In Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other Fenwei Plain and Hetao Irrigation District, project design of comprehensive rural environment improvement + ecological agriculture can be carried out.
In Shandong Fishing Port Industrial Zone, project design for marine ecological protection and restoration + harbor economy can be carried out.
"Focus on planning projects with clear boundaries, good integration, centralized layout, good foundation, and 'small but beautiful'. Avoid decentralization of projects, random bundling, and greedy for perfection." Zhao Yunhao emphasized.
