How can the new era and new journey promote the construction of a beautiful China?
The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is a programmatic document guiding my country to further comprehensively deepen reforms on the new journey. The "Decision" proposes to focus on building a beautiful China. Han Rong, associate professor at the Department of Social and Ecological Civilization Teaching and Research of the Central Party School (National School of Administration), provided an in-depth analysis of this.
Reporter: What is the significance of the "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee for the major arrangements made for deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system?
Han Rong: Since the 18th CPC National Congress,XiJinpingThe Party Central Committee with comrades as the core has placed the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position in the overall work and solved a series of issues of great and far-reaching historical significance, such as "whether there is","whether it is good" and "whether it is comprehensive or not". In November 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms", taking "ecological civilization" as an important reform content and proposing to use systems to protect the ecological environment and use reform to overcome difficulties. Build a beautiful China. At present, in the process of promoting high-quality development, there are still shortcomings and weaknesses in ecological and environmental protection and restoration, and there are still obstacles and difficulties in transforming ecological advantages into development advantages. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and Promoting China Modernization"(hereinafter referred to as the "Decision") adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that further comprehensively deepening reforms should "focus on building a beautiful China" and emphasized the need to "accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, improve the ecological and environmental governance system, promote ecological priority, conservation and intensive, green and low-carbon development, and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature." This is a major strategic deployment made by the party on the basis of summarizing reform experience and adapting to the new situation and new needs, and provides fundamental guidance for building a beautiful China in the new era and new journey.
Reporter: In what aspects do we need to advance to implement the goals and tasks of deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system?
Han Rong: The "Decision" deploys key tasks and major measures to deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system. The focus is on the following three aspects:
First, improve the basic system of ecological civilization and seek new governance methods from a systematic engineering and overall perspective. From the perspective of systems theory, promoting the construction of Beautiful China involves multiple regions, multiple entities, multiple departments, and involves contemporary and future people. It is essentially a complex systematic project. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, a leadership system for ecological civilization construction from a single decentralized to comprehensive coordination has been gradually established and improved, and a systematic and complete ecological civilization institutional system has gradually been formed. At present, environmental governance still has problems such as unclear management entities and responsible entities, unsmooth operating mechanisms, and low supervision efficiency and quality. The multi-faceted and decentralized management method is difficult to meet the new requirements for building a beautiful China. The first step in the future is to improve the collaborative governance mechanism and improve the level of systematic environmental governance. The "Decision" proposes to "implement an ecological environment management system that is sub-regional, differentiated, and precise control, and improve the ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system." The prerequisite for implementing this goal is to establish a mechanism for mutual cooperation between departments and regions and joint management of water and land areas, and to change the adverse impact of administrative fragmentation on ecological governance and protection. The second is to enhance the consistency of macro policy orientations and maintain synergy between reform measures and rhythms in different fields. The reform of the ecological civilization system involves all aspects of politics, economy, culture and society, and involves changes in institutional reform, responsibility adjustment and governance methods. Relevant departments should further strengthen the overall planning of the implementation of reform actions across the country; study and issue guiding opinions to solve outstanding problems in practice such as policy intersection, staffing management, and cadre training and use.
Second, improve the environmental governance system and seek a dynamic balance between institutional costs and institutional efficiency. The ecological environment is a public resource with typical external characteristics. Its governance is a complex and comprehensive process that requires the government to provide policy, economic and other support, and requires the formation of synergy between grassroots governments and higher-level governments, enterprises, and the public. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to "establish and improve an environmental governance system", with the goal of completing the system construction from 0 to 1 and filling the system gaps. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China aimed at improving institutional supply, reducinglow limitWith the goal of comprehensive cost, the direction and requirements of the reform have been clarified from the perspectives of responsibility system, supervision system, market system and laws, regulations and policy system. Market-oriented reform of factors is an effective policy focus to correct distortions in factor allocation, improve resource allocation efficiency, and promote the improvement of total factor productivity. From the overall perspective of the resource and environmental factor market, the current market participants and transaction coverage of my country's carbon emissions trading market, greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading market, green electricity, green certificates and other mechanisms are all different. The four markets operate independently under the supervision of the main body. In March 2022, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a National Unified Market", which provided specific guidance for the construction of a national unified market. First of all, we must solve the problem of inconsistent market rules through top-level design and strengthening supervision. Secondly, we must solve the problem of insufficient activation of market attributes by introducing auction mechanisms and developing green finance. In the next step, we can further improve the efficiency of government governance and give full play to the role of the market in optimizing resource allocation in terms of conceptual transformation, policy optimization, and power transformation, so that local development can get rid of the dependence on "blood transfusion", activate the "blood-making" function, and promote further ecological income increase.
Third, promote green and low-carbon development and coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth. The fourth meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensive Deepening Reforms held in February 2024 emphasized that "taking the 'double carbon' work as the guide, we should coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, and integrate the concept of green development into the entire economic and social development. All aspects of the process." The process of implementing the "double carbon" strategic decision-making is also a process of gradually reducing climate risks, gradually improving environmental quality, and gradually improving ecosystem comfort. It can be said that "double carbon" is the "nose of an ox" to achieve green and low-carbon development of the society and the source management of the ecological environment. It is a powerful driving force for promoting high-quality economic and social development and promoting the construction of ecological civilization to a new level. We should give full play to institutional advantages toXiJinpingGuided by the thought of ecological civilization, we regard challenges as opportunities, focus on the overall situation, and transform transformation as turning points. We use the concept of a community of human and natural life to promote the implementation of the "double carbon" policy, optimize the "double carbon" management system with differentiated governance, and use systems Thinking improves the efficiency of "double carbon" management, promotes and implements "double carbon" as a historic task to solve outstanding problems of resource and environmental constraints and achieve sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and continues to promote the historic and turning points of ecological and environmental protection. Overall changes.
Reporter: In the process of accelerating the comprehensive transformation of economic and social development, how to balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature?
Han Rong: The "Decision" proposes to "accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development." Subsequently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Comprehensive Green Transformation of Economic and Social Development", proposing to focus on green transformation in industrial structure, energy, transportation, urban and rural construction, consumption patterns and other fields to accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and form a spatial pattern, industrial structure, production methods, and lifestyle that saves resources and protects the environment.
To accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, we must correctly handle the relationship between development and protection. High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and high-level protection is an important support for high-quality development. At present, the contradiction between development and protection still exists widely. For example, ecological protection and governance are typical public affairs, providing purely public ecological products that benefit the whole country. Local governments and people spend a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources in the process of protecting and governing natural resources such as lakes, and the benefits of resources and environmental protection are obviously insufficient compared with the efforts.XiJinpingThe general secretary pointed out that "a good ecology itself contains infinite economic value and can continuously create comprehensive benefits and achieve sustainable economic and social development.""As long as new development concepts are implemented, green waters and green mountains can become invaluable assets." Properly handling the relationship between development and protection requires integrating ecological and environmental elements into the overall economic and social development under the goal of maximizing welfare, and planning an optimal economic growth path that achieves synergy between economic development and ecological and environmental protection. Therefore, ideologically, we must get rid of the concept of binary opposition between development and protection, and firmly establish the concept that clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets; from the path, we must get rid of the path dependence on the original high energy consumption and high emission model, and integrate the requirements of green transformation. Integrate into the overall economic and social development, and promote green transformation in all aspects, fields and regions.
Reporter: The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee proposed to improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products. How to open up the transformation path from "lucid waters and lush mountains" to "invaluable assets and silver" and transform ecological values into economic value and social value?
Han Rong: The "Decision" proposes to "accelerate the improvement of the system and mechanism for implementing the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets." The key to promoting the transformation of ecological advantages into development advantages is to stimulate endogenous motivation, open up transformation channels, innovate transformation mechanisms, and realize hematopoietic function.
The first is to adapt measures to local conditions and explore paths for collaborative symbiosis of development and protection.XiJinpingThe General Secretary emphasized,"Development must also focus on the art of war, and there is no constant momentum in war. Doing something is development, and not doing something is also development. It must be appropriate according to the times." All localities should clarify development goals and choose development paths based on the types of land space delineated in the land space plan. Areas located in ecological functional areas should regard protecting and restoring natural ecosystems as their top priority. On the premise of protection, they should develop cultural tourism, transportation tourism, and industries with ethnic characteristics according to local conditions, and explore a more scientific and reasonable mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products. For areas where ecological protection is the main focus, it is recommended to adjust assessment indicators and increase the proportion of green assessment in comprehensive assessment. For example, some scenic spots are assessed according to the development indicators of ordinary counties and towns, but the assessment of economic indicators, power supply indicators, industrial indicators, etc. conflicts with their development positioning, which will inevitably lead to conflicts between protection and development. We should focus on environmental protection investment, inspection of ecological and environmental indicators such as vegetation coverage, and biodiversity.
The second is to work together to promote the continuous transformation of ecological advantages into development advantages. On the one hand, we must effectively play the role of the government. Establish a legislative concept of positive incentives and improve the legal system to provide a strong legal shield for the protection of "green waters and green mountains". Cultivate and develop ecologically advantageous industries in ecological protection buffer zones and green development zones according to local conditions, and explore the establishment of various policy tools and income distribution mechanisms such as finance, taxation, industry, and finance that are compatible with the realization of the value of ecological products. Integrate the policy needs of "three zones and three lines" with the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" to spatially reduce the ratio of carbon source to carbon sink, so that land and space use control can promote "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" from the perspective of spatial integration. The realization of the goal. By establishing an "ecological bank", centralized integration and optimization of fragmented resources will be formed to form a high-quality "asset package" and open up channels for resources to become assets and assets to become capital. On the other hand, market mechanisms must be continuously improved. In practice, it is necessary to establish a legislative concept of positive incentives, improve the legal system, provide a strong legal shield system protection and restoration for the protection of "lucid waters and lush mountains", and support key ecological functional areas to do a good job in "local specialties"; Establish and improve the carbon sink trading market, innovate green financial products, and open up new channels for the transformation of lucid waters and lush mountains into invaluable assets.
