What are the new measures to control urban motor vehicle pollution?
According to statistics from the Ministry of Public Security, as of the end of 2023, the number of motor vehicles in the country reached 435 million, of which 20.41 million were new energy vehicles; 94 cities across the country had car ownership exceeding one million, including Chengdu, Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai and Suzhou. More than 5 million vehicles.
According to the "China Mobile Source Environmental Management Annual Report (2023)", automobiles are the main contributors to the total emission of motor vehicle pollutants in the country, and their emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) exceeds 90%. Diesel vehicle NOxEmissions exceed 80% of total vehicle emissions, and PM exceeds 90%; CO and HC emissions from gasoline vehicles exceed 80% of total vehicle emissions.
The contribution of excessive emissions from urban mobile sources to air pollution has become increasingly prominent. Recently, at the 13th Technical Forum on Motor Vehicle and Ship Pollution Prevention and Control in Large Cities, relevant experts, scholars and business representatives exchanged ideas, bringing new ideas and new explorations for cities to further control mobile source pollution and control atmospheric environment.
Remote sensing quality control: improving the level of real-time supervision of mobile source emissions
In response to the new goals of climate change and comprehensive improvement of air quality, managing pollution emissions from urban motor vehicles is an important part. In this important link, remote sensing detection of motor vehicles uses remote sensing monitoring equipment set on the road to conduct non-contact detection of passing motor vehicles, thereby obtaining relevant data of the motor vehicle, such as speed, driving trajectory, emissions, etc., to determine whether the motor vehicle complies with relevant regulations and standards.
The advantages of remote sensing detection of motor vehicles are also obvious. Not only can online monitoring be achieved without touching motor vehicles, but also for a large amount of detection data, it can be detected quickly and efficiently, and data generated in real time to prevent human cheating.
Although the advantages of remote sensing detection of motor vehicles are obvious, there are still some technical paths that need to be improved.
"The most prominent one is the issue of data accuracy." Chen Dong, a senior engineer at Nanjing New Vision Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., said that on the one hand, the stability and adaptability of the equipment may be affected by factors such as weather, light, and even gas interference in an open environment, and there will be deviations in data accuracy. On the other hand, more than 90% of remote sensing in China are currently fixed. The operational stability and post-maintenance of fixed remote sensing also play a key role in the accuracy of data.
Chen Dong said, but judging from the current market situation, the problem of improving the stability and adaptability of the equipment has not been solved. The remote sensing equipment is stable for the first two hours of operation. There may be an error in the data after two hours, and a large amount of inaccurate data will be generated after 24 hours.
So, is there no way out for the technical improvement and application of motor vehicle remote sensing at this stage? Chen Dong believes that to do a good job in quality control of remote sensing of motor vehicle exhaust, we must carefully screen data according to each point, quarter and month, and use artificial intelligence models, networks, and biotechnology to carry out homing analysis to further realize closed-loop data and help road law enforcement to a certain extent.
Vehicle-road collaboration: Empowering urban atmospheric environment, traffic pollution and carbon emission control
Urban governance often requires embroidering efforts, starting with small problems and then systematically promoting problem solutions. The same is true for urban transportation pollution reduction and carbon reduction.
Intersections are bottlenecks in the urban road transportation system and the main area where traffic congestion occurs. In congested conditions, motor vehicles will have driving characteristics such as reduced speed, frequent starts and stops, and rapid acceleration and deceleration, which will produce high emissions and high energy consumption.
In order to solve this problem, Mao Hongjun, a professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering at Nankai University, shared with reporters the Ecological Intelligent Speed Guidance System (ECO-ITS) based on vehicle-road collaboration.
Mao Hongjun introduced in detail that this system can expand the concept of intersections to road sections, guide vehicles to pass at green wave speeds, obtain real-time traffic flow information from intersections to road sections to road networks through terminal APP and other auxiliary means, and dynamically allocate traffic flow information from intersections across the road network. Traffic lights enable continuous high-speed driving of vehicles, reduce idle conditions and reduce parking frequency, reduce congestion at intersections, thereby achieving energy conservation and emission reduction goals.
Mao Hongjun took experimental vehicles in Wuqing District, Tianjin City as an example to prove that after using ECO-ITS mobile APP and vehicle-mounted terminals, the number of parking at intersections was significantly reduced, and good traffic, energy conservation and emission reduction benefits were achieved. Experimental results show that the system can reduce driving time by 15%-45%, fuel consumption by 20%-30%, and reduce NOxand PM2.5The exhaust emissions of mainly motor vehicles will be reduced by 20%-25%.
At present, Zibo City, Shandong Province has become the first city in the world to implement vehicle-road collaboration technology at the city-wide level. Since March 2022, Zibo City has deployed a "vehicle-road coordination" signal system at all 1500 intersections in the region, covering approximately 6000 kilometers2City area and population of 4.7 million.
More than 28 days and 7.6 million vehicle operation data on the road network across the entire region of Zibo City show that with the increase of the application time of the vehicle-road collaboration system, the vehicle travel time and absolute acceleration first increase and then decrease, and travel comfort first decrease and then increase; There are more than 40 drivers on the main roads of Zibo City, driving continuously for 20 days, and 110,000 vehicle operation data show that as the number of days of driver travel increases, the vehicle travel time is long, the number of stops is generally reduced, and the travel speed continues to increase.
Since 2023, with the explosion of barbecue in Zibo, the city's road traffic flow has increased significantly. According to incomplete statistics, during the May Day holiday in 2023, the average daily number of vehicles in Zibo City is 1.158 million. However, judging from the urban traffic conditions and operation conditions, no serious congestion has occurred in Zibo. Mao Hongjun said that among them, the exploration and practice of vehicle-road coordination systems and signal optimization work have played an important role.
Policy orientation: Study and formulate the next stage of motor vehicle emission standards
"Improving emission standards is one of the important means for automobiles to reduce pollution and carbon emissions." Chen Weicheng, deputy director of the Motor Vehicle Emission Monitoring Center of China Academy of Environmental Sciences, said that my country has established a complete set of institutional systems for motor vehicle emission management in recent years, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction issued at the national level. Documents such as "Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction" and "Action Plan for Continuous Improvement of Air Quality" clearly require the study and formulation of motor vehicle emission standards for the next stage, so as to further promote the emission reduction of vehicle pollutants.
Judging from the progress of standard formulation in the next stage, two stages of work have been done so far. The first stage is mainly to evaluate and analyze emission standards, track domestic regulations, and propose emission standards and some basic technical routes for the next stage. The second stage is mainly to propose the entire standard test project and prepare a bill for corresponding test procedures. The project has been completed this year. The third phase of work is about to start, which mainly includes determining emission limits for the entire standard.
Regarding the principles for the preparation of vehicle emission standards in the next stage, Chen Weicheng said that he will base himself on my country's actual situation and learn from international experience to further build the world's leading vehicle emission standard technical system and compliance supervision system. The specific principles are mainly based on: achieve coordinated control of pollutants and greenhouse gases, establish unified procedures for pollutants and greenhouse gases, and formulate coordinated limit values; establish a long-term emission reduction mechanism for pollutants and greenhouse gases, and introduce flexible limit values based on the supervision model for single-vehicle compliance. Limit system and fleet average emission control, and gradually build a complementary long-term emission reduction mechanism of "model + fleet"; continue to tighten emission control of key pollutants and continue to increase the number of serious vehiclesxEmission control and light vehicle VOCs emission control; strengthen the emission supervision system in real environments, further improve the testing and evaluation system, expand laboratory and actual road testing methods for environmental conditions, driving conditions, load conditions, etc., and promote emission control zone calibration Full coverage of work; Build an intelligent emission supervision system for the Internet of Vehicles, strengthen vehicle software tamper-proof technical requirements, ensure effective vehicle emission control strategies, and realize intelligent supervision of OBM and OBD based on remote networking and sensor technology applications; Keep up with new international hotspots and trends, Pay attention to and track the increase in non-exhaust fine particulate matter emissions such as brake wear and tire wear, and propose OBD and power battery durability requirements for electric vehicles in accordance with new energy-related deployments.
