Recently, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment released the news of climate change to the public, in order to implement the national climate change strategy deployment, Beijing will respond to climate change as an important part of the capital's ecological civilization construction and the implementation of the green Beijing strategy, and an important starting point for promoting high-quality development, introduced and implemented a series of management measures and action plans, and actively explored and innovated low-carbon development models.
Establish rules and regulations to start from a commanding height, combine "effective market" and "promising government", and plant a green background of new quality productivity
As one of the pilot projects in the country, Beijing continues to explore and improve the carbon market mechanism. In 2013, Beijing's pilot carbon market opened; In 2014, the Measures for the Administration of Carbon Emission Trading (Trial) were issued to standardize the management of the carbon market. Over the past 10 years, Beijing's pilot carbon market has expanded to cover nearly 1,300 units in eight industries, including power generation, petrochemicals and services, and has managed about 50% of the city's carbon emissions. Through the implementation of quota management, carbon emission trading, and paid bidding for the issuance of allowances for key emitting enterprises, the establishment of a compensation mechanism for green electricity consumption, and the implementation of carbon inclusive actions such as low-carbon travel, the motivation and sustainability of carbon emitting entities and the public to participate in the transformation of green and low-carbon production and life have been greatly stimulated, and Beijing's experience has been contributed to the construction of the national carbon market. At the same time, Beijing actively participates in the construction of the national carbon market system, and the national greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading institution has settled in Beijing.
On this basis, Beijing has summarized the 10-year pilot experience and implemented the latest national requirements, and Beijing has carried out the revision of the "Carbon Emission Trading Management Measures (Trial)". On March 9, 2024, the Beijing Municipal Government officially issued the Administrative Measures to further regulate carbon emission trading and related activities, promote the realization of Beijing's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, and coordinate the control of pollutant emissions.
The list of carbon emission units shall be managed, and the legal entities with annual comprehensive energy consumption of 2,000 tons of standard coal (inclusive) or more within the administrative area of the city shall be included in the management, of which the annual carbon dioxide emissions of 5,000 tons (inclusive) shall be the key carbon emission units. Quota management is implemented for key carbon emission units, and the quota issuance includes free and paid methods, and the municipal ecological environment department conducts quota issuance and settlement management through the management platform. Implement a carbon emission trading system and a reporting and third-party verification system.
The implementation of the management measures will accelerate the construction of a more effective, dynamic and influential Beijing carbon market, reflect the "cost of carbon emission and benefit of carbon reduction" through the market mechanism, and promote the emission entities to take the initiative to take measures to reduce carbon emissions and plant a green background of new quality productivity.
We will take the lead in piloting and promoting multi-field development, "innovation leading" to promote "key breakthroughs", and explore effective paths for low-carbon development
In order to give full play to the driving and leading role of innovation in low-carbon development, Beijing has innovatively carried out low-carbon pilot work, promoted pilot projects in key areas, and accumulated experience and models for scientifically planning low-carbon development paths.
Departments work together to build a top-level design for low-carbon pilots. In 2022, seven departments, including the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, jointly issued the "Beijing Low-carbon Pilot Work Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan Period", systematically planning the city's low-carbon pilot construction ideas during the 14th Five-Year Plan, focusing on four types of pilots, including low-carbon technologies, emitting units, regional construction, and climate investment and financing tools, and focusing on exploring technological innovation, management innovation, path innovation, and mechanism innovation, so as to provide a model for reference and replication for driving the whole society to practice low-carbon production and lifestyle.
Implement it step by step, and take the lead in launching climate investment and financing pilots. In 2022, Miyun District and Tongzhou District were successfully selected as the first batch of 23 climate investment and financing pilots in China. In order to promote the implementation of the pilot, the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, together with relevant departments, organized Miyun District and Tongzhou District to build a pilot policy system for climate investment and financing, established a climate investment and financing project library, pushed key projects to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and financial institutions, and obtained financial support for projects such as the group-level "ground source heat pump + photovoltaic power generation" multi-energy coupling application in the sub-center of the city. Various pilot measures are progressing in an orderly manner.
The results have begun to show, and the low-carbon pilot work has blossomed in many places. In 2022, Beijing launched a pilot project of advanced low-carbon technologies, and selected 12 outstanding advanced low-carbon pilot projects, which can reduce carbon emissions by 290,000 tons per year. In 2023, we will comprehensively promote low-carbon pilot work, and carry out three types of pilot projects: advanced low-carbon technology, low-carbon leader, and climate-friendly region. A total of 14 advanced low-carbon technology pilot projects were selected, with an initial estimate of annual emission reduction of 220,000 tons; 5 low-carbon leaders were selected in 3 industries, including computer communication and electronic equipment manufacturing, power production, and universities; 6 climate-friendly areas, including 3 communities and 3 villages. At present, the announcement of the 2023 low-carbon pilot excellent projects has been released, and various forms of encouragement, publicity and promotion will be carried out for the selected excellent cases in the follow-up to establish a low-carbon development model.
Pay attention to practical and multi-link response, pay equal attention to "prevention first" and "scientific adaptation", and strive to improve the climate adaptability of the capital city
As a megacity, Beijing is highly densely populated, industrial, and building-intensive, and the effects of urbanization and climate change are superimposed, and extreme weather and climate events are increasing, and climate change has become an important non-traditional security factor. To this end, in accordance with the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change 2035, the Beijing Action Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change has been formulated to respond in an all-round way at the time node and key links.
Anchor three nodes. The Adaptation Plan proposes that by 2025, the policy system and institutional mechanisms for adaptation to climate change will be gradually improved, and an atmosphere for the whole society to consciously participate in climate change adaptation actions will be initially formed. By 2030, the policy system and institutional mechanisms for adapting to climate change will be basically improved, and the construction of a climate-resilient society will achieve remarkable results. By 2035, the ability of the whole society to adapt to climate change will be significantly improved, and a climate-resilient society will be basically built.
Grasp the four principles. The first is to focus on prevention and active adaptation, strengthen the monitoring and early warning of extreme weather and climate events, and improve the climate adaptability of natural ecosystems, urban operating systems, and socio-economic systems. The second is to empower science and technology, conform to nature, strengthen the research and development and promotion of key technologies for adaptation to climate change, and explore nature-based solutions. The third is to highlight key points, pilot first, focus on sensitive and vulnerable areas and key areas of climate change, and use pilot demonstrations as a starting point to strengthen climate change adaptation actions. Fourth, we need to participate in multiple ways and adapt to climate change in a coordinated manner, so as to form a strong synergy for adapting to climate change.
Do a good job in ten tasks. The first is to improve the climate change observation and early warning system, improve the monitoring and analysis capacity of the climate system, and strengthen the early warning of extreme weather and climate events. The second is to strengthen climate change impact and risk assessment, and improve urban risk monitoring and early warning capabilities. The third is to focus on urban functional layout, infrastructure, urban and rural buildings, transportation and other aspects, and improve the level of planning and construction management. Fourth, according to the different functional positioning of core areas, central urban areas, multi-point areas, ecological conservation areas, and urban sub-centers, policies should be implemented by classification to improve the ability of key areas to adapt to climate change. Fifth, we should strengthen the resilience of the water resources system by focusing on water resource security, water resource conservation, water environment security, and water ecological restoration. Sixth, build a climate-friendly ecosystem, build a municipal-level greenway system, and improve the value of forest ecological services. Seventh, we will improve the comprehensive energy security plan system to adapt to climate change, optimize the energy structure and regional layout, and strengthen the safe operation of energy. Eighth, develop urban modern agriculture with strong disaster resistance and improve the service function of agricultural ecosystems. Ninth, improve the adaptive capacity of public health, and strengthen the popularization and response to the health risks of climate change. Tenth, it is necessary to improve disaster rescue capabilities and build disaster prevention and control projects.
In the next step, Beijing will continue to implement the important decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on climate change, insist on paying equal attention to mitigation and adaptation, make good use of the carbon market mechanism, strengthen low-carbon pilot demonstrations, deepen climate adaptation actions, and strive to promote Beijing's climate change response to a new level, create a "Beijing model" in addressing climate change, and contribute "Beijing experience".