Zhang Yunfei, Renmin University of China: Scientific blueprint for deepening the reform of ecological civilization system| Study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee

On the basis of scientifically summarizing the achievements and experience of my country's ecological civilization system reform since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and facing the construction of a beautiful China and a Chinese-style modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and Promoting Chinese-Style Modernization"(referred to as the "Decision") systematically deploys the task of deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system in the new era and new journey. It points out the goals and directions of the reform of the ecological civilization system in the next few years.

The important status and role of ecological civilization system reform

In the new era and new journey, the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reforms is to continue to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, and comprehensively build a prosperous, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful modern socialist country by the middle of this century. Lay a solid foundation. Since "Beautiful China" is an important goal in building a modern and powerful country in an all-round way, the "Decision" adheres to the unity of integrity and innovation and system construction, regards "focusing on building a beautiful China" as one of the "seven focuses", and requires the reform of the ecological civilization system. As an important subsystem of the systematic project of comprehensively deepening reform, it requires that all other aspects of institutional reform must also reflect and take into account the goals and requirements of the reform of the ecological civilization system. Of course, the reform of the ecological civilization system must also reflect and take into account the other six "focuses".

Chinese-style modernization is a modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously. To a certain extent, my country's ecological civilization institutional system cannot fully adapt to and support the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. According to the "five-in-one" overall layout and the "four comprehensives" strategic layout, the reform of the ecological civilization system must be regarded as a comprehensive deepening of reform. Important components. Focusing on the coordinated promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, and actively responding to climate change, we must accelerate the improvement of the system and mechanism of the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products, improve the ecological civilization institutional system, and build A solid "four beams and eight pillars" of the ecological civilization institutional system. The reform of the ecological civilization system is an important part of ensuring the comprehensiveness of comprehensively deepening reforms.

Promoting harmonious coexistence between man and nature is one of the essential requirements of Chinese-style modernization. To a certain extent, other aspects of my country's modernization drive have not fully reflected the requirements of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and there are unsustainable problems. Therefore,"Beautiful China" must be regarded as an important aspect of the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform, focusing on building a beautiful China, improving the ecological and environmental governance system, promoting ecological priority, conservation and intensive, green and low-carbon development, and planning development and promoting reforms from the perspective of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Achieve the unity of high-quality development and high-level protection, and accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. The reform of the ecological civilization system is an important guarantee for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese-style modernization and comprehensive reform.

Systematic goals and tasks for ecological civilization system reform

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the task of establishing a systematic and complete ecological civilization institutional system from the aspects of implementing the strictest source protection system, damage compensation system, and accountability system. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to adhere to and improve the ecological civilization system from four aspects: "implementing the strictest ecological and environmental protection system","comprehensively establishing a system for efficient utilization of resources","improving the ecological protection and restoration system" and "strictly enforcing the ecological and environmental protection responsibility system." On this basis, the "Decision" adheres to the unity of problem orientation and goal orientation, and clarifies the goals and tasks for further deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system.

Improve the basic system of ecological civilization. Natural factors such as population, resources, and environment are basic variables that affect sustainable development. Focusing on ensuring the sustainability of natural factors, the "Decision" clearly regards "improving the basic system of ecological civilization" as the first task of deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system. In the field of land resources, it is necessary to establish and improve the land and space use control and planning licensing system covering all types and unified connections in the entire region; improve the institutional system of the main functional areas; improve the property rights system and management system of natural resource assets, and improve the ownership of natural resource assets owned by the whole people. Entrusted agent mechanism. In the field of ecological and environmental protection, it is necessary to implement an ecological and environmental management system that is sub-regional, differentiated, and precise control, and improve the ecological and environmental monitoring and evaluation system. In the field of ecological security, it is necessary to improve the national ecological security work coordination mechanism. In terms of administration, it is also necessary to establish responsibility assessment and supervision systems for ecological and environmental protection, protection and utilization of natural resources, and preservation and appreciation of assets.

Improve the ecological and environmental governance system. In view of the destruction of natural systems, the main goal and task of improving the ecological and environmental governance system is to control ecological and environmental problems. In the field of land resources, it is necessary to implement a rigid restriction system for water resources and improve the system for marine resource development and protection. In the field of ecological and environmental protection, it is necessary to improve the institutional mechanisms for precise pollution control, scientific pollution control, and legal pollution control, implement the fixed pollution source supervision system with the pollution discharge permit system as the core, establish a coordinated management and environmental risk management and control system for new pollutants, and promote Collaborative emission reduction of multiple pollutants. To this end, it is necessary to promote the construction of the ecological and environmental governance responsibility system, supervision system, market system, and laws, regulations and policy system. In terms of ecosystem protection, it is necessary to improve the integrated protection and systematic management mechanism of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, promote the construction of an ecological and environmental management system integrating upstream and downstream in important river basins, comprehensively promote the construction of a natural protected area system with national parks as the main body, and implement the ecological protection red line management system. To this end, it is necessary to build a diversified ecological protection and restoration investment mechanism, strengthen the coordination mechanism for biodiversity protection, improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products, promote comprehensive ecological compensation, improve the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism, and coordinate and promote compensation for ecological and environmental damage.

Improve the green and low-carbon development mechanism. In order to promote the comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation of the social economy, we must adhere to the policy of conservation and intensification, improve the total resource management and comprehensive conservation system, and improve the waste recycling system. We must improve the work system for adapting to climate change and actively and steadily promote carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Establish a new mechanism for comprehensive transformation from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions; build a carbon emission statistical accounting system, product carbon labeling certification system, product carbon footprint management system, and improve the carbon market trading system and the voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading system. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the clean and efficient utilization mechanism of coal, accelerate the planning and construction of new energy systems, and improve policies and measures for new energy consumption and regulation. Only by improving the green and low-carbon development mechanism, vigorously developing green and low-carbon industries, and improving the green consumption incentive mechanism can we promote the construction of a green, low-carbon circular development economic system.

Supporting goals and tasks for the reform of the ecological civilization system

The "Decision" insists on adhering to the unity of system integration and coordination, and requires that "combination boxing" must be played well to enhance the systematicness, integrity and synergy of the reform of the ecological civilization system.

Properly handle the relationship between the government and the market. It is necessary to give full play to the role of economic means, especially market economic means, in ecological and environmental governance, implement fiscal, taxation, finance, investment, and price policies that support green and low-carbon development, actively develop green finance, promote price reforms in water, energy and other fields, and optimize The residential ladder water price, electricity price, and gas price system, and improve the refined oil pricing mechanism. Deepen the reform of the paid use system of natural resources, comprehensively implement the conversion of water resources fees to taxes, and improve the green tax system. In order to make up for market failures, we must also strengthen the role of the government's macro-control measures, strengthen institutional constraints such as environmental protection and safety for development, implement a standard system to support green and low-carbon development, optimize the government's green procurement policies, strengthen the basic role of land spatial planning, and strengthen land Space optimization development guarantee mechanism. Deepen the reform of the legal disclosure system of environmental information and build an environmental credit supervision system.

Properly handle the relationship between the rule of law and technical governance. We must study deeplyXiimplementXiJinpingecological civilization thought andXiJinpingThe idea of the rule of law makes full use of the thinking and means of the rule of law to promote ecological and environmental governance, accelerate the compilation of the ecological and environmental code, promote the formation of a systematic and complete legal system of ecological civilization, effectively protect the people's ecological and environmental rights and interests, and vigorously improve the level of legalization of ecological and environmental governance. We must make full use of technical governance methods to promote ecological and environmental governance, support enterprises to use digital, intelligent and green technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries, promote the high-end, intelligent and green development of manufacturing, and promote the formation of supporting new productive forces, especially green productive forces. Institutional mechanisms, vigorously improve the scientific and technological level of ecological and environmental governance.

Properly handle the relationship between reform and opening up. We must comply with and lead globalization, proactively align with international high-standard economic and trade rules, achieve interoperability of rules, regulations, management, and standards in the fields of environmental standards and labor protection, and create a transparent, stable and predictable open environment. We must strengthen the coordination of trade policies and fiscal, taxation, finance, and industrial policies, actively respond to the trend of digitalization and greening of trade, accelerate the integrated reform of domestic and foreign trade, and promote my country's new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products to enter the world in a sustainable manner. We must vigorously promote the construction of the green "Belt and Road" and strengthen the construction of multilateral cooperation platforms in green development.

In short, we must insist onXiJinpingThe idea of ecological civilization is the fundamental basis, vigorously implement and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and effectively promote the modernization of Beautiful China and the harmonious coexistence of man and nature by further deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system.

The author is a researcher at the National Institute of Development and Strategy, Renmin University of China, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Marxism