Zhuang Guiyang, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: Comprehensively promote the construction of a beautiful China and deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system
Comprehensively promote the construction of a beautiful China and accelerate the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.XiJinpingThe Party Central Committee with comrades as the core has made major strategic arrangements focusing on building a modern and powerful socialist country in an all-round way. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China regarded "focusing on building a beautiful China" as one of the "seven focuses" and "ecological civilization system reform" as one of the systematic reform arrangements in 14 specialized fields, continuing to deepen the new era and new journey. The reform of the ecological civilization system has made strategic arrangements and proposed "improving the basic system of ecological civilization","improving the ecological environment governance system" and "improving the green and low-carbon development mechanism", which fully demonstrated that the construction of ecological civilization is in further comprehensively deepening reforms. The basic and strategic position in promoting Chinese-style modernization.
Unswervingly promote the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature
The harmonious coexistence between man and nature is not only an important feature of Chinese-style modernization, but also one of the essential requirements. Building a beautiful China is an important goal of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and it is also an important part of realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has regarded the construction of ecological civilization as a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation and has carried out a series of pioneering work. The determination, intensity, and results are unprecedented. The construction of ecological civilization has been from theory to practice. Historic, turning point and overall changes have taken place, and major steps have been taken in the construction of a beautiful China. toXiJinpingThe Party Central Committee with comrades as the core has placed the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position in the overall work, boldly explored from the theoretical, practical and institutional levels, continuously improved the understanding of the scientific laws between high-quality development and high-level protection, and achieved the construction of ecological civilization. A major transformation from key rectification to systematic governance, a major transformation from passive response to proactive action, a major transformation from global environmental governance participants to leaders, and a major transformation from practical exploration to scientific theoretical guidance.
The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the reform tasks to be completed by 2029. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and Promoting Chinese-Style Modernization"(hereinafter referred to as the "Decision") states: "Chinese-style modernization is a modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously. We must improve the ecological civilization institutional system, coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, actively respond to climate change, and accelerate the improvement of the institutional mechanism for the concept that clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets." To build a modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously, my country promises to achieve the time from carbon peak to carbon neutrality, which is much shorter than the time taken by developed countries. This means that my country, as the world's largest developing country, will achieve the world's highest carbon emission intensity reduction and use the shortest time in global history to achieve this. We must not only overcome the constraints of traditional development factors such as technology, capital, land, labor, and energy that developed countries have encountered in the industrialization process, but also solve the problems of climate change, biodiversity protection, and industrial and supply chain security under the situation of green competition. This is an unprecedented challenge. China's green development is a profound revolution in the concept of development. It is a new development model exploration that coordinates high-quality development and high-level protection. It is an all-round and systematic process involving production methods, lifestyles, ways of thinking and values. Change.
At present, Chinese-style modernization has entered a new journey of grasping the new development stage, implementing new development concepts, and building a new development pattern. Protecting the ecological environment means protecting productivity, and improving the ecological environment means developing productivity. Reform is to continuously liberate and develop productive forces.XiJinpingThe General Secretary attaches great importance to development as the "top priority of the Party's governance and rejuvenation" and the "top priority" of ensuring national security, emphasizing that "we must adhere to coordinating development and security, adhere to equal emphasis on development and security, and achieve high-quality development and high-level security. Positive interaction".
Reforms in the field of ecological civilization are extensive and are by no means easy. When promoting the implementation and effectiveness of relevant measures, we must adhere to clear directions, firm positions, and solid principles. To continue to deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system and comprehensively promote the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, we must not only maintain sufficient historical patience and firm strategic determination, but also have systematic deployment, overall concept, and overall awareness. Based on the mission and tasks of the Communist Party of China in the new era and new journey, we place improving the basic system of ecological civilization, improving the ecological and environmental governance system, and improving the green and low-carbon development mechanism in an important position in building a beautiful China, and place it on further comprehensively deepening reforms and promoting Chinese-style modernization. Make overall arrangements in the overall situation, coordinate and advance and complement each other with institutional reforms in other key areas, and provide institutional support for continuing to promote the construction of ecological civilization. Provide guarantees for accelerating the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Accurately grasp the major requirements of modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously, we must closely focus on high-quality development, the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, start from improving systems and mechanisms, and strengthen top-level design., in further comprehensively deepening reforms, solve the problems of blockages, pain points, and blind spots in the construction of ecological civilization; Continue to improve the quality of the ecological environment, continuously meet the people's needs for a beautiful ecological environment, and ensure that the people have more sense of gain, happiness, and security in rich ecological resources and beautiful ecological environment.
The reform of the ecological civilization system is the key to building a beautiful China
The reform of the ecological civilization system is an important guarantee for promoting new progress and new achievements in the construction of ecological civilization, and is the key to further comprehensively deepening reforms and promoting Chinese-style modernization. To promote the reform of the ecological civilization system, we must fully summarize and apply the valuable experience of comprehensively deepening reforms since the reform and opening up, especially in the new era, adhere to the right direction, use scientific methods, and realize the economy on the basis of respecting nature, complying with nature, and protecting nature. A good situation for high-quality development and high-level protection of the ecological environment.
Emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and advancing with the times are the living soul of Marxism and our ideological weapon to further comprehensively deepen reforms and promote Chinese-style modernization. To solidly promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, we must continue to deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system, break through the blockages that restrict the development of new quality productivity, accelerate the elimination of the shortcomings of ideological concepts and systems and mechanisms that hinder the promotion of green and low-carbon development and Chinese-style modernization, and solve the problem. Deep-seated institutional and institutional obstacles and structural contradictions.
The "Decision" proposes: "Focus on building a beautiful China, accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, improve the ecological and environmental governance system, promote ecological priority, conservation and intensive, green and low-carbon development, and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature." In order to achieve this goal, the "Decision" proposes three specific measures to improve the basic system of ecological civilization, improve the ecological environment governance system, and improve the green and low-carbon development mechanism.
From the perspective of combining theory and practice, the ecological civilization system generally consists of the ecological civilization construction institutional system, organizational management system and operational mechanism. The reform of the ecological civilization system focuses on establishing an institutional system, organizational management system and operational mechanism that are compatible with the construction of ecological civilization. mechanism. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,XiJinpingThe Party Central Committee with comrades as the core has combined top-down top-level design with bottom-up pilot demonstrations, and the construction of ecological civilization has achieved a major transformation from practical exploration to scientific theoretical guidance. The reform of my country's ecological civilization system has been solidly and steadily advanced, forming a series of replicable and replicable reform experiences and institutional achievements, effectively promoting the comprehensive green transformation and sustainable development of the economy and society, and opening up a feasible path for continuously deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system. At present, my country's ecological civilization system reform and system construction have made remarkable achievements. The construction of the ecological civilization system has covered many fields and links such as decision-making, management, assessment, and evaluation. It has basically taken shape in the framework structure and is gradually moving towards perfection. stage.
To continuously deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system, the task remains arduous. We must adhere to the party's overall leadership, persist in upholding integrity and innovation, scientifically apply the Marxist world outlook methodology, adhere to the combination of top-level design and practical exploration, keep up with the pace of the times, and comply with Practical development, highlight problem orientation, promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, and institutional innovation of ecological civilization at a new historical starting point, and achieve efficient integration and systematic reshaping of the reform of the ecological civilization system.
The first is to do a solid and in-depth summary and promotion of practical experience in ecological civilization construction. Adhere to the problem-oriented approach, focus on specific practices with demonstration and driving significance, be good at summarizing the reform experience of the construction of the national ecological civilization pilot zone from a historical, overall and strategic perspective, and highlight the contemporary, ideological and practical nature of the achievements and experience of the reform of the ecological civilization system. Principles that have been proven effective in the practice of ecological civilization construction must continue to be adhered to. For some ecological and environmental problems with typical and scattered sources, it is necessary to strengthen governance at the micro-power and mechanism levels, and guide the reform of the ecological civilization system to target efforts and advance in depth.
The second is to firmly improve the legal guarantee system for the construction of ecological civilization. At present, my country's economic and social development has entered a stage of high-quality development that accelerates greening and low-carbon. On the one hand, it is necessary to continuously adapt to new situations, improve and give full play to the basic role and systematic effectiveness of the system; on the other hand, the implementation of some system reforms must be guaranteed through the establishment or revision and improvement of corresponding laws and regulations, and the ecological environment laws and regulations should be continuously improved., promote and continue to carry out in-depth central ecological and environmental protection inspection and law enforcement in accordance with the law, and consolidate the political responsibility for ecological and environmental protection. Under the overall layout of ecological civilization construction, accelerate the implementation of the "1+N" policy system for carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and accelerate the construction of a "double control" system for carbon emissions that is effectively connected with the national carbon emissions trading market.
The third is to strengthen the construction of collaborative mechanisms for various work in ecological civilization with a systematic concept. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee deployed 14 reform tasks. As an important aspect of the systematic project of further comprehensively deepening reforms and promoting Chinese-style modernization, the reform of the ecological civilization system is integrated into all other aspects in accordance with the overall layout requirements of the "Five-in-One" system reform and consistent with the macro policy orientation of high-quality economic and social development. By coordinating the promotion of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological civilization construction, we will promote high-quality economic development and effectively eliminate institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the construction of ecological civilization.
Develop green productivity to empower green, low-carbon, high-quality development
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country." The Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2023 keeps pace with the times and proposed: "Adhering to high-quality development must be the last word in the new era." As the principal contradictions in our society have undergone fundamental changes, promoting the development of new productive forces, especially green productive forces, has become an important direction for comprehensively deepening reforms. We must persist in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, seeking truth from facts, and promoting theoretical and practical innovation. Promote the organic unity of economic development and ecological civilization construction. Faced with this issue of the times,XiJinpingThe General Secretary's major conclusion that "new quality productivity is itself green productivity" is another major theoretical innovation of our party in the Marxist productivity theory and ecological concept.XiJinpingeconomic thought andXiJinpingThe enrichment and development of ecological civilization ideas have provided ideological guidance and fundamental compliance for the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development.
Green productivity is a Chinese-style modernization that improves total factor productivity through green and low-carbon oriented innovation, pursues quality improvement and reasonable quantitative growth, and achieves harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The improvement of green productivity is closely related to high-quality development. It not only regulates production and consumption activities within the carrying capacity of resources and environment, which is conducive to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions, but also helps promote green industries, digital economy and resource recycling. The development of emerging industries comprehensively promotes the economic and social transformation to green and sustainable development, thereby alleviating the pressure on resources and environment, effectively preventing the risks that may accompany green and low-carbon transformation, and stimulating new technologies, new business formats and new momentum. Adhere to the positive interaction of high-quality development and high-level protection, make economic development more sustainable and competitive, and provide strong support for high-quality development.
In the new era, my country's ecological civilization construction has achieved world-renowned achievements. my country has supported an average economic growth of 6.6% with an average annual energy consumption growth rate of 3% and has become an important participant, contributor and leader in the construction of global ecological civilization. The promulgation of a series of reform documents has protected the construction of ecological civilization in my country. The "1+N" policy system for carbon peak and carbon neutrality has clarified my country's timetable and roadmap for energy conservation and carbon reduction. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Comprehensive Work Plan" points out that by 2025, the national energy consumption per unit of GDP will drop by 13.5% compared with 2020. The "Opinions on Deepening the Fight against Pollution" proposes that by 2025, the ecological environment will continue to improve, the total emission of major pollutants will continue to decline, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 18% compared with 2020. In the first three years of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the reduction of national energy consumption intensity still lags behind the chronological schedule, and the situation of energy conservation and carbon reduction in some areas is relatively severe. The main manifestations are that total energy consumption has increased more than expected, energy intensity has dropped less than expected, coal consumption has rebounded, and strategic emerging industries with relatively high energy consumption have developed rapidly. Among them, the rebound in industrial electricity consumption and the large base are the main driving factors.
Whether it is implementing the "2024-2025 Action Plan for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction" or the "Action Plan for Carbon Peak before 2030", green productivity support is needed.XiJinpingThe general secretary pointed out: "New quality productivity is the quality of advanced productivity that innovation plays a leading role, breaks away from the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path, has the characteristics of high-tech, high-efficiency, and high-quality, and conforms to the new development concept. It was born of revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. It takes the leap of workers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimized combinations as its basic connotation, and takes the significant increase in total factor productivity as its core symbol. It is characterized by innovation, the key lies in high quality, and the essence is advanced productivity." This fully demonstrates that new productivity must inherently have green characteristics. New quality productivity requires innovation-led, getting rid of traditional economic growth methods, being in line with new development concepts and advanced; an optimized combination of new technologies and new factors should be used to improve green total factor productivity, taking into account high-quality development and high-level protection, and has the high-quality connotation of economic development; guide consumption preferences and needs with a green and healthy lifestyle, give full play to the fundamental role of consumption in green transformation and development, and have a leading edge; Improve the efficiency of ecological and environmental governance with the level of modern governance and achieve harmonious coexistence between man and nature, with the goal of sustainable results.
my country is rich in wind power, photovoltaic and other resources, and has huge potential for developing new energy sources. Electric vehicles, lithium batteries and photovoltaic products (referred to as the "new three products") have formed strong competitiveness in the international market. We must firmly seize the historical opportunity of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, vigorously develop green productivity according to local conditions, and strengthen scientific and technological support and policy guarantees for cultivating and developing green productivity. Promote and improve the scientific and technological innovation system during reform, promote industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation, and promote the construction of an enterprise innovation model oriented by market demand. Encourage and support the research and development and application of green and low-carbon technologies, give full play to the basic supporting role of green and low-carbon standards for the development of green productivity, accelerate the construction of a unified national market, benchmark international rules and standards, break through green barriers, and achieve intensive and efficient green development. Smooth the virtuous cycle of education, science and technology, and talents, and provide solid talent support for the development of new productive forces, especially green productive forces, and the promotion of sustainable economic, social and environmental development. Increase support for green finance and transformation finance, guide enterprises to transform their production methods into a green and sustainable direction, and enhance producers 'awareness of green environmental protection and social responsibility.
Accelerate the improvement of the system and mechanism for implementing the concept that clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets
To establish and improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products, the key is to break the bottleneck constraints on transforming green waters and lush mountains into invaluable assets from the institutional level, broaden the path for green waters and lush mountains to transform into invaluable assets, and establish a benefit-oriented mechanism for ecological environmental protectors, users to pay, and destroyers to compensate promotes the formation of development methods, production methods, lifestyles and spatial patterns that are conducive to the construction of ecological civilization, and achieves the coordinated advancement of high-level protection of the ecological environment and high-quality economic and social development.
As a highly innovative task, accelerating the improvement and implementation of the system and mechanism of the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets requires not only fundamental changes in values, but also continuous innovation of methods, channels, tools and means. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has focused on building a policy and institutional system that transforms "lucid waters and lush mountains" into "invaluable assets". In terms of top-level design, in 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Improving the Strategies and Systems of Main Functional Areas", formally proposing to "establish and improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products." In April 2021, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Establishing and Improving the Value Realization Mechanism of Ecological Products" to systematically deploy mechanisms and paths for realizing the value of ecological products. This document became my country's first programmatic document to implement the concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" to the level of institutional arrangements and practical operations. The General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council have also issued supporting policy documents on promoting the reform of the property rights system of natural resource assets, establishing and improving the system and mechanism for integrated urban and rural development, deepening the reform of the ecological protection compensation system, and comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China.
In terms of pilot demonstrations, after departmental recommendations and public solicitation of opinions, the National Development and Reform Commission identified 10 regions including Yanqing District of Beijing City as the first batch of national ecological product value realization mechanism pilots; The Ministry of Natural Resources focuses on pilots in the resource field and has launched 4 batches of 43 typical cases of ecological product value realization. At the same time, pilot ecological product value realization mechanism in the natural resource field was carried out in six provinces; The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has successively named seven batches of practical and innovative bases for "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", and actively explored the transformation path of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets".
The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China focused on building a high-level socialist market economic system and emphasized "giving full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation." The current shortcomings and shortcomings are reflected in the strong positive externalities of the production and supply of ecological products, and a small part of the value belongs to direct economic value and can be realized through market mechanisms. Most of the value is indirect economic value and is not easy to realize directly through market mechanisms. In addition, the ecological product market is small, the ecological industry risks (natural climate risks, market risks, policy risks) are high, and the investment return cycle is long, resulting in insufficient technology and capital investment required for the development of the ecological industry, and the role of the market mechanism needs to be further enhanced.
As an important mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, the eco-environment-oriented development model (EOD model) attracts social capital participation by using the premium of ecological environment management and improvement to achieve feedback to public welfare projects such as ecological environment management. It alleviates the financial pressure on environmental governance and promotes the supply of regional ecological products. However, it should be noted that for the policy design and practical exploration of the value realization of ecological products with strong public welfare attributes, both a promising government and an effective market are indispensable. This requires the government to provide guarantees for the market to play its role in the process of realizing the value of ecological products, and at the same time strengthen supervision of policy implementation and enforcement.
Accelerating the establishment and improvement of the value realization mechanism for ecological products while continuing to deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system is a groundbreaking reform task. Since the realization of the value of ecological products involves multiple links such as accounting, confirmation of rights, transactions, and management, involving multiple entities and cross-regional spatial and time cycle issues, the problems encountered are much more complex than traditional value realization of agricultural products and industrial products. The problems of "difficulty in quantity, difficulty in mortgage, difficulty in trading, and difficulty in realizing" ecological products have become a realistic constraint on expanding the transformation path of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". Due to the integrity of ecological products, it is difficult to divide ecological space. It is difficult for intangible ecological products to sell products to different buyers according to different functions, and it is difficult to achieve spontaneous transactions in the market. Therefore, it is necessary to classify the quantity and quality of ecological products and compile a catalog of ecological products. For ecological service resources that are difficult to empower, functional area identification based on ecological services can be carried out. Relying on the tangible ecological material resources of the ecological service functional area, the corresponding main management departments can take the lead in planning and identifying other aspects of non-material ecological services and their functional areas. Responsibility-benefit relationship. Through ecological asset property rights transactions, ecological protection value compensation, EOD models, etc., we continue to promote the preservation and appreciation of ecological products through market mechanisms.
The author Zhuang Guiyang is deputy director and researcher of the Institute of Ecological Civilization, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
